Spinoza's Ethics Part 1, Axiom 1

by Corry Shores
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[the following is quotation; my summary and commentary is in brackets. The Latin text comes last.]

Spinoza, Ethics

Part I "Concerning God"

Axiom I:

I. Everything which exists, exists either in itself or in something else.

[There are only two ways that something can exist: 1) in and by itself, as in the case of substance, and 2) in and by something else, as with substance's modifications.]

From the Latin:

AXIOMATA

I. Omnia, quæ sunt, vel in se, vel in alio sunt.

Spinoza. Ethics. Transl. Elwes. available online at:

http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/s/spinoza/benedict/ethics/index.html

Spinoza. Ethica. available online at:

http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost17/Spinoza/spi_eth0.html