[Subsection headings are my own]
Monique L'Huillier
Advanced French Grammar
1. Framework
1.1 Parts of Speech
1.1.7 Pronouns
1.1.7.2 Demonstrative Pronouns
1.1.7.2.1 Simple Deonstrative Pronouns
The simple demonstrative pronouns are:
celui, celle, ceux, celles (+ the neurtral pronoun ce, c')
(i) Not complete
The simple demonstrative pronouns usually require a such a complement as a prepositional phrase or relative clause that identifies the referent.
1) Prepositional phrase as identifier
Ex,
Vous cherchez un dictionnaire? Prenez celui de Marie.
2) Relative clause identifier
Ex,
Vous voulez un dictionnaire? Prenez celui qui est sur l'étagère à droite.
(ii) Nominal
Simple deonstrative pronouns can be nominal. By themselves, they animate whatever introduces a relative clause and that lacks an antecedent.
Malheur à celui qui n'aime pas les chats!
Ceux qui ont fini peuvent partir.
L'Huillier, Monique. Advanced French Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
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